PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian														Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian														Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian														Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian														Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Villanyian						Vorohuean			2.58
										Villanyian						Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
										Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
																Montehermosan			3.7 *
																Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian									5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian													7.246
																Chasicoan			7.9 *
										Vallesian						Chasicoan			8.7
																Mayoan			9.9 *
																Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian				Sarmatian				Astaracian									11.63
						Badenian													12.8 *
						Badenian										Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian														Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian														Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Orleanian						Friasian			15.98
																Santacrucian			16.2 *
																Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
										Agenian									20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian														Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian														Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian														Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian														Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Lutetian														Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian														Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian														Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Riochican			56
																Itaboraian			56.9 *
																Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
		Danian														Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian																Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
				Kanense			181.3 *
				Carlottense			182.3 *
				Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae			184.2
				Freboldi			185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju							Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
			Viru							Rakvere					450.6 *
										Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
										Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila				Idavere †	453
										Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
										Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
												Aurelucian				456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
										Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
										Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland							Kunda						462.9 *
							Valaste †/Hunderum			Kunda				464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian		467.3
				Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
										Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
							Latorp †					470.1 *
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Whitlandian					Hunneberg		473.7 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Cressagian	480.8 *
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
								Mansian †		483.55 *
								Mansian †		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
							Aksaian							490.7 *
							Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian	499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian	500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan							509
									Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
									Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian							514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian							521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																			538.8