PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21								Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian				MP 16								Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						Cenozoic 2						41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7								Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5					Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian				MP 6								Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian		Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan		Cretaceous 7				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian					Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
													Middle Famennian	365.3 *
													Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
													Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
													Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	Late Givetian						382.7
							Middle Givetian						383.7 *
							Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian						387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Cambrian 5	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian	Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian		509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
						Placentian	Montezuman				517.1
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8