PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Zones	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		Sheridanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean									0.129
								Irvingtonian							Cudahyan/Sappan		0.21
													Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian															0.774
								Blancan							Senecan/Rexroadian		1.4
													Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian				MN 17							Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			MN 16							Vorohuean				2.58
						MN 16							Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
						MN 15											3.2
		Zanclean															3.6
													Montehermosan				3.7 *
						MN 14											4.2
						MN 14		Hemphillian							Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian		4.7
						MN 13							Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				MN 13											5.333
		Tortonian				MN 12											7.246
						MN 11											7.75
						MN 11							Chasicoan				7.9 *
						MN 10											8.7
						MN 10		Clarendonian							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian		9.4
						MN 9											9.7
													Mayoan				9.9 *
													Laventan				10.9 *
						MN 7 + 8											11.1
		Serravallian															11.63
								Barstovian							late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian		12.5
						MN 6											12.8 *
						MN 6							Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian				MN 5							Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian				MN 5							Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian				MN 4							Friasian				15.98
													Santacrucian				16.2 *
								Hemingfordian							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		16.3
						MN 3											16.9
													Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
								Arikareean							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian	18.5
						MN 2											20
		Aquitanian															20.44
													Deseadan				20.9 *
						MN 1											22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
																Monroecreekian	23.1 *
																Geringian	24.7 *
		Rupelian															27.82
													Tinguirirican				28.9 *
								Whitneyan									29.5
								Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian		33.9
								Chadronian					Divisaderan		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian		35.9 *
								Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan							Late Uintan/Early Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
													Mustersan				41.9 *
								Bridgerian							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian		46.2
		Ypresian															47.8
													Casamayoran				47.9 *
				Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Riochican	56
				Tiffanian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Riochican	56.2
								Itaboraian	56.9 *
								Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian							61.6
								Tiupampan	62.4 *
				Puercan			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Tiupampan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian									Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	438.5		Adavere
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509