PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene			Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene			Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian											Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian				MN 17							Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			MN 16				Late Pliocene		Villanyian	Vorohuean		2.58
												Villanyian	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
												Ruscinian			3.1 *
						MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene					3.6
													Montehermosan		3.7 *
						MN 14							Montehermosan		4.2
						MN 13							Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				MN 13				Late Miocene		Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian				MN 12									7.246
						MN 11									7.75
						MN 11							Chasicoan		7.9 *
						MN 10						Vallesian			8.7
						MN 9									9.7
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
						MN 7 + 8									11.1
		Serravallian				MN 7 + 8				Middle Miocene		Astaracian			11.63
						MN 6									12.8 *
						MN 6							Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian				MN 5							Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian				MN 5							Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian				MN 4				Early Miocene		Orleanian	Friasian		15.98
						MN 4							Santacrucian		16.2 *
						MN 3							Santacrucian		16.9
						MN 3							Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
						MN 2						Agenian			20
		Aquitanian													20.44
													Deseadan		20.9 *
						MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene					27.82
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene			Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene			Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian								Late Eocene			Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian											Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian								Early Eocene			Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian								Early Eocene			Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene			Riochican		56
													Itaboraian		56.9 *
													Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian								Early Paleocene			Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian				66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic				100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian					Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
		Pragian				Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian						Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian						Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
		Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
															538.8