PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Mesozoic Subages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian				MN 17								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian				MN 17								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			MN 16				Yushean				Mangapanian	2.58
						MN 16								Waipipian	3
						MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
														Opoitian	3.7
						MN 14									4.2
						MN 13				Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian				MN 12									7.246
						MN 11									7.75
						MN 10									8.7
						MN 9									9.7
						MN 9							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
						MN 7 + 8				Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian				MN 7 + 8									11.63
						MN 6									12.8 *
						MN 6								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				MN 5				Shanwangian				Lillburnian	13.82
														Clifdenian	15.1
													Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				MN 4									15.98
						MN 3				Xiejiaan					16.9
						MN 3								Otaian	18.7
						MN 2									20
		Aquitanian													20.44
													Landon	Waitakian	21.7
						MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
														Duntroonian	25.2
														Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
													Arnold	Runangan	34.6
														Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian	41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
														Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan	47.8
														Mangaorapan	48.9
														Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
														Mangaotanean	90.5
														Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9									Arowhanan
					Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
				Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
				Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
				Middle Albian	Taitai		Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian				113
				Late Aptian				117.5
				Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian				139.8
				Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
				Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					174.7
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian							Leine	264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel							298.9
			Stephanian							Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian							Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian							Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian			320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
							Alportian			322 *
							Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian			323.2
							Arnsbergian			324 *
							Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian				Brigantian †			330.9
			Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					Famennian			358.9
			Middle Famennian								365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian			Srbsko			382.7
			Middle Givetian								383.7 *
			Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Couvinien			Chotec			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					Chotec			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien			Pragian			408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine			Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian								412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian								415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		Marjumian			Albertian †		497
		Drumian				Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran	514
											Montezuman	514.8 *
											Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8