PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean										Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean												0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean												0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean												0.129
							Irvingtonian												0.21
																		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																	0.774
							Blancan												1.4
																		Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian												Mangapanian	2.58
						Villanyian												Waipipian	3
						Ruscinian													3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
																		Opoitian	3.7
							Hemphillian											Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Vallesian													8.7
							Clarendonian												9.4
																	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian													11.63
							Barstovian												12.5
																		Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian													15.98
							Hemingfordian												16.3
							Arikareean												18.5
																		Otaian	18.7
						Agenian													20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan							27.82
							Whitneyan												29.5
							Orellan												31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
							Duchesnean												37
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
																		Bortonian	39.1
							Uintan												39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
							Bridgerian												46.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian						47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
							Wasatchian											Mangaorapan	50.5
							Wasatchian											Waipawan	52
							Clarkforkian											Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian					Gashatan						Teurian	56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian					Gashatan							56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian												59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata		Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara		Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai		Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
			Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	323.2
			Arnsbergian	324 *
			Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †					330.9
			Livian	Asbian †					336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian		Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan				Gamachian	445.2
							Rawtheyan				Richmondian	446 *
							Cautleyan					448.9 *
							Cautleyan		Eastonian			449 *
							Pusgillian					449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
											Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian			450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Cheneyan							451.5 *
							Cheneyan		Gisbornian					452 *
							Burrellian							452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
											Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
						Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †								455.2 *
							Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Darriwilian						461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Yapeenian						467.3
					Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *	Yapeenian
								Castlemainian	468.5 *
								Castlemainian	Rangerian		469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
						Whitlandian		Chewtonian							471.1 *
								Bendigonian							471.8 *
								Lancefieldian							473.5 *
										Tulean					473.9 *
						Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
						Migneintian				Stairsian					480.3 *
						Cressagian				Stairsian					480.8 *
										Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
								Warendian							482.8 *
								Warendian							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509