PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene		Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian												Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian												Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian						Late Pliocene		Vorohuean		2.58
						Villanyian								Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
						Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
														Montehermosan		3.7 *
														Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian						Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
														Chasicoan		7.9 *
						Vallesian								Chasicoan		8.7
														Mayoan		9.9 *
														Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian				Astaracian						Middle Miocene		Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian												Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian												Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian												Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Orleanian						Early Miocene		Friasian		15.98
														Santacrucian		16.2 *
														Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
						Agenian										20
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian												Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene				23.03
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene		Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene		Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian										Late Eocene		Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Lutetian												Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian										Early Eocene		Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian										Early Eocene		Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene		Riochican		56
														Itaboraian		56.9 *
														Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
		Danian										Early Paleocene		Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel		298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian				477.7
								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian							489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian						Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan	509
							Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
							Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian						521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
																538.8