PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of China		Mesozoic Subages		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian																Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian																Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian										Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
						Villanyian												Waipipian	3
						Ruscinian													3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
																		Opoitian	3.7
																Baodean		Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Vallesian													8.7
																	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
																Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian				Astaracian													11.63
		Serravallian																Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian														Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian													15.98
																Xiejiaan			16.9
																		Otaian	18.7
						Agenian													20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian																Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian																Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian																Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian																Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Teurian	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																		Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian									Motuan	100.5
									Late Albian									Urutawan	103.3
				Middle Albian	106.2 *													Urutawan
				Middle Albian	Taitai		Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian				113
				Late Aptian				117.5
				Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian				139.8
				Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
				Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
				Early Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Late Toarcian							180.1
				Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
				Early Toarcian					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Wordian								264.28
		Roadian	Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian								Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian								Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian									Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan					419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran					422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Paibian	494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian								Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian								Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian								Drumian				Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				Wuliuan/Taijangian					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian			Early Cambrian		509
														Toyonian	510 *
														Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian				Botomian	514
		Stage 3								Nangaoian				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian						530.7
																			538.8