PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian								Mangapanian				Late Pliocene	2.58
						Villanyian								Waipipian					3
						Ruscinian													3.1 *
		Zanclean																Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian				Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian							Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Vallesian													8.7
						Vallesian							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian								Waiauan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian					13.82
														Clifdenian					15.1
													Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian								Altonian				Early Miocene	15.98
						Orleanian								Otaian					18.7
						Agenian													20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
														Duntroonian					25.2
														Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													Kekeamuan			Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
													Arnold	Runangan					34.6
														Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian					41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
														Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan		Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
														Mangaorapan					48.9
														Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian			Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian												Haumurian			Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
														Mangaotanean					90.5
														Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan					93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
														Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan					100.5
														Urutawan					103.3
													Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian												Korangan					113
		Aptian																	117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian		443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		445.2
						Richmondian		446 *
						Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian			450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian			453
						Turinian			453.7 *
			Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean						477.7
				Stairsian						480.3 *
				Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10								Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian								Paibian		494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8