PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				Sheridanian				0.129
													Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
												Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene								0.774
													Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
												Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan				MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian				MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian			Late Pliocene			Mangapanian				MN 16	2.58
						Villanyian						Waipipian					3
						Ruscinian											3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene								3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
																MN 14	4.2
													Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			MN 14	4.7
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian			Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
						Vallesian										MN 10	8.7
													Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			MN 10	9.4
																MN 9	9.7
											Southland	Waiauan				MN 9	11.04
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Astaracian			Middle Miocene								11.63
													late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
																MN 6	12.8 *
												Lillburnian				MN 6	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian				MN 5	13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian			Early Miocene							MN 4	15.98
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			MN 4	16.3
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			MN 3	16.9
													late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
												Otaian					18.7
						Agenian										MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
											Landon	Waitakian					21.7
																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene								23.03
														Monroecreekian			23.1 *
														Geringian			24.7 *
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene								27.82
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
																	37
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene								37.71
												Bortonian					39.1
													Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	47.8
					Mangaorapan		48.9
					Mangaorapan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	50.5
					Waipawan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	52
					Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene	Teurian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene				To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene				To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata			Haumurian		66
		Campanian						Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara			Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
								Mangaotanean		90.5
								Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence			Ngaterian		95.2
								Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan		100.5
								Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai			Korangan		108.4
		Aptian						Korangan		113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
										Planulata	179.3 *
										Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
										Kanense		181.3 *
										Carlottense		182.3 *
										Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian								Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi				185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras	196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †						298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †						303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian					Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian					Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian					Emsian				393.3
		Pragian							Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju					Porkuni	443.8
		Katian											Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi								449.6 *
					Nabala								Johvi †	450 *
					Viru			Rakvere						450.6 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Haljala						453.9
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku						458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
					Oeland			Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg							477.7
								Varangu							481.3 *
								Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort					485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †			497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509