PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Villanyian								Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
						Villanyian											Waipipian	3
						Ruscinian												3.1 *
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene				3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian								Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
						Vallesian												8.7
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian							Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian								Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
						Agenian												20
		Aquitanian																20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2					41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9									Middle Paleocene
		Danian		Torrejonian	Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian		Puercan	Early Paleocene		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4					Motuan	100.5
										Urutawan	103.3
									Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					Korangan	113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan				Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	Kathwai					251.902
											252.4 *
						Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru					Longtanian †	254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
												265.3 *
						Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian			Permian 3	Amb						266.9
		Roadian			Permian 3							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5							Late Famennian	358.9
												Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4			453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
			Dobrotivian							458.5 *
			Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †		Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1		529
																		538.8