PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Silurian of England		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian																			11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		Senonian	66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras														168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense														168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta														174.7
							Planulata														179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi												179.8 *
							Kanense														181.3 *
							Carlottense														182.3 *
							Kunae														183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae														184.2
							Freboldi														185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras													186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras													189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis													190.3 *
		Sinemurian																			192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras												196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites														196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †															Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian												Wordian							264.28
		Roadian												Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian				Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian				Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle									Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle									Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale									Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian										Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian										Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych									Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park										439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju										Porkuni		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian											Pirgu			Rawtheyan	445.2
																Cautleyan	448.9 *
																Pusgillian	449.3 *
													Vormsi		Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru										Rakvere						450.6 *
													Rakvere			Cheneyan			451.5 *
													Oandu			Cheneyan			452 *
													Oandu			Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian											Keila					Idavere †	453
													Keila				Actonian †		453.2 *
													Haljala				Actonian †		453.9
																	Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
																	Longvillian †			455.2 *
													Kukruse							456.4 *
																Aurelucian				456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri		461.3 *
			Oeland										Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian																467.3
							Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
				Billingen									469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
								Whitlandian								471.1 *
				Hunneberg				Whitlandian								473.7 *
								Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
								Cressagian								480.8 *
				Varangu												481.3 *
				Pakerort	482.2 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian				485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																					538.8