PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian											Sheridanian				0.129
		Chibanian											Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
		Calabrian											Cudahyan/Sappan				0.774
		Calabrian											Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean											Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian											late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
													late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Cenozoic 4	23.03
														Monroecreekian			23.1 *
														Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian												Geringian			27.82
		Rupelian															29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Priabonian															37
		Bartonian															37.71
		Bartonian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan			Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Lutetian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
													Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
															Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Cenozoic 1	56
		Thanetian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian													To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian													To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian													Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian					Cretaceous 4	100.5
											Middle Albian						106.2 *
											Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian					Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian									Early Aptian					Cretaceous 3	119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian					Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian						139.8
											Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
											Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5	149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian						150
										Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
				Heterian	154.5						Early Kimmeridgian
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
				Herangi	Late Toarcian			Ururoan	176
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Warepan		Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian		216.7 *
					Otamitan				217
					Oretian				221
		Carnian			Oretian		Tuvalian	Triassic 3	227
				Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian		227.5
							Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	Triassic 2	237
					Etalian		Longobardian		238
							Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian		242
							Pelsonian		243.8 *
							Bithynian		244.7 *
							Aegean		245.5 *
					Malakovian		Aegean		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	Triassic 1	247.2
							Smithian		248.9 *
					Nelsonian		Smithian		249
		Induan					Dienerian		251.2
							Griesbachian		251.4 *
				DUrville	Makarewan		Griesbachian		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan			Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian			Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		Waiitian			Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		Puruhauan			Dzhulfian		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian					264.28
					Barettian					266
								Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian						Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
					Mangapirian			Kubergandian		276
								Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian					285
					Telfordian			Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian						Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian						Asselian	Permian 1	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5	Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4		Cantabrian	307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C					309.8
						Westphalian B					314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B					315.2
						Westphalian A					317 *
						Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3	Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian			Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
						Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
						Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian				Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian					Devonian 5	358.9
						Middle Famennian						365.3 *
						Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian					Devonian 4	372.2
						Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
						Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian					Devonian 3	382.7
						Middle Givetian						383.7 *
						Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian						387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian						390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian					Devonian 2	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian					Devonian 2	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian					Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian						410.8
						Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †				Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian	Paibian									494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian			509			Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian			Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian			Cambrian 2			521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian			Cambrian 1			529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian			Cambrian 1			530.7
																	538.8