PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Silurian of North America			South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Sheridanian									Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian								Sheridanian											0.129
										Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
																			Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																			0.774
										Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
																			Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																	Chapadmalalan		3.6
																			Montehermosan		3.7 *
										Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									Montehermosan		4.7
																			Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
																			Chasicoan		7.9 *
										Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									Chasicoan		9.4
																			Mayoan		9.9 *
																			Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian																			11.63
										late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
																			Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																	Friasian		15.98
																			Santacrucian		16.2 *
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Santacrucian		16.3
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
										late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
		Aquitanian																	Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
											Monroecreekian										23.1 *
											Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian																			27.82
																			Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																					37
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Bartonian								Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
																			Mustersan		41.9 *
										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
																			Casamayoran		47.9 *
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							Riochican		56
												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
																			Itaboraian		56.9 *
																			Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Selandian										To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian																			61.6
																			Tiupampan		62.4 *
												Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian												66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan												72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian							Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian								Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian								Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse				456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
			Dobrotivian												458.5 *
			Dobrotivian								Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Oretanian								Lasnamagi				459.7 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
									Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
			Arenigian												468
				Billingen											469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg											473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian	Hunneberg											477.7
				Varangu											481.3 *
				Pakerort											482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Pakerort							Taoyuanian †					485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian	Paibian													494
		Paibian	Paibian								Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †								Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Drumian					Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3														Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian														Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian														Jinnigian		530.7
																					538.8