PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of China			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian															MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean															MN 15	3.6
																	MN 14	4.2
																	MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian															MN 12	7.246
																	MN 11	7.75
																	MN 10	8.7
																	MN 9	9.7
																	MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian															MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian															MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian															MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian															MN 4	15.98
																	MN 3	16.9
																	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian								100.5
										Middle Albian								106.2 *
										Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian								113
		Aptian								Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian								139.8
										Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
										Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras			168.2
										Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
										Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
															Planulata			179.3 *
																Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
										Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
															Kanense			181.3 *
															Carlottense			182.3 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *										Carlottense
				Early Toarcian	Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Kunae	184.2
					Freboldi	185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pirgu	449.5
														Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala								Johvi †	450 *
						Viru							Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila		Idavere †						453
					Haljala								453.9
					Kukruse								456.4 *
					Uhaku		Aluoja †						457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
							Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
						Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				Dapingian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian				470
							Latorp †							470.1 *
				Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				477.7
			Lianghekou †							477.9 *
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
											Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian						494			Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		St Davids				497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																		538.8