PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Devonian Subages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian						Senecan/Rexroadian				Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene									2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene									3.6
		Zanclean						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene	Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene	Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene									15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Hemingfordian								16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene									23.03
									Monroecreekian											23.1 *
									Geringian											24.7 *
		Rupelian							Geringian		Early Oligocene									27.82
												Whitneyan								29.5
												Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene	Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene	Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene	Bridgerian								47.8
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Wasatchian								50.5
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian								To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian																Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan													150
							Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian				358.9
			Middle Famennian				365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian				372.2
			Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
			Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian				382.7
			Middle Givetian				383.7 *
			Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian				410.8
			Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan			Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
								Rawtheyan			Richmondian			446 *
								Cautleyan						448.9 *
								Pusgillian						449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian					Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
											Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
											Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
								Cheneyan									451.5 *
								Cheneyan						Oandu			452 *
								Burrellian						Oandu			452.7 *
		Sandbian		Keila										Idavere †		453
													Actonian †			453.2 *
											Turinian					453.7 *
				Haljala												453.9
													Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †				455.2 *
				Kukruse													456.4 *
								Aurelucian									456.8 *
					Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor				457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
				Uhaku									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
				Lasnamagi												458.9 *
				Aseri												460.4 *
				Aseri				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
				Oeland								Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
							Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
						Rangerian											469.1 *
						Rangerian						Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †						Cassinian †	470
														Latorp †				470.1 *
								Whitlandian										471.1 *
												Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean												473.9 *
								Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian										477.7
						Stairsian		Migneintian										480.3 *
								Cressagian										480.8 *
												Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian						Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
												Pakerort						482.2 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509