PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Lujanian		0.129
												Ensenadan		0.3 *
									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
									Nukumaruan					1.63
												Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian									MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian		MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
												Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
									Waipipian					3
											MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
									Opoitian			Montehermosan		3.7 *
											MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
											MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12			7.246
											MN 11			7.75
											MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
											MN 10			8.7
											MN 9			9.7
												Mayoan		9.9 *
												Laventan		10.9 *
								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
											MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian									MN 7 + 8			11.63
											MN 6			12.8 *
									Lillburnian					13.05
												Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian									MN 5			13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
									Clifdenian			Friasian		15.4 *
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									MN 4			15.98
											MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
											MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
												Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
									Otaian					18.7
											MN 2			20
		Aquitanian												20.44
												Deseadan		20.9 *
								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
											MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian										Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Runangan			Divisaderan		35.9 *
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian												41.2
												Mustersan		41.9 *
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		47.8
				Casamayoran	47.9 *
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican	56
					Itaboraian	56.9 *
					Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke			Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke			Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia			Ohauan		150
							Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi			Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour			Otapirian		201.4
		Norian					Warepan		208.5
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
		Carnian					Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore			Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian					Etalian		238
		Anisian					Etalian		242
		Anisian					Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian		249
		Induan					Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville			Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian		Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan		Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima		Flettian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							Flettian		264.28
		Wordian							Barettian		266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian							Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian							Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
									Telfordian		285
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Adorf				Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian					383.7 *
					Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian			Eifelian	Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Eifelian	Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian			Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian			Siegen	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8