PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian						100.5
													Middle Albian						106.2 *
													Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian						113
		Aptian											Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian						139.8
													Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
													Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						Late Kimmeridgian						150
							Ohauan						Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
							Heterian						Early Kimmeridgian						154.5
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						164.3
		Bathonian											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan					Thouarsense							176
																			180.1
													Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						188.9
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian					Warepan						Sevatian						208.5
													Alaunian						213.2 *
													Lacian						216.7 *
							Otamitan												217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian		227
				Gore	Tuvalian	Kaihikuan	227.5
					Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian		237
					Longobardian	Etalian	238
					Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
					Aegean	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		247.2
					Smithian		248.9 *
					Smithian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
					Griesbachian		251.4 *
			DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian			264.28
					Barettian			266
							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	273.01
					Mangapirian		Kubergandian	276
							Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
							Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian					Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian								Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
												Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
												Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
												Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
												Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
												Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian												Keila		Idavere †	453
												Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
														Haljala			453.9
														Kukruse			456.4 *
											Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Uhaku				458.4
						Lasnamagi								458.9 *
						Aseri								460.4 *
						Oeland							Kunda	462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
			Volkhov										Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
												Rangerian				469.1 *
			Billingen									Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
													Latorp †					470.1 *
			Hunneberg															473.7 *
												Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian										Tulean						477.7
												Stairsian						480.3 *
			Varangu									Stairsian						481.3 *
			Varangu	Skullrockian	Demingian †							482 *
			Pakerort		Demingian †							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort													485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
											487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †					497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									504.5
																			509