PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian									100.5
									Middle Albian									106.2 *
									Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian									113
		Aptian							Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian									139.8
									Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
									Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan		Late Kimmeridgian									150
							Ohauan		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
							Heterian		Early Kimmeridgian									154.5
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									164.3
		Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras			168.2
									Late Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
									Early Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.6 *
		Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			176
															Planulata			179.3 *
																	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
															Kanense			181.3 *
															Carlottense			182.3 *
									Early Toarcian						Carlottense			182.9 *
									Early Toarcian						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						Kunae			184.2
															Freboldi			185.1 *
															Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
							Aratauran								Whiteavesi/Imlayi			188.9
																		189.2 *
															Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras	196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian			Warepan	Sevatian					208.5
						Alaunian					213.2 *
						Lacian					216.7 *
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian	Tuvalian					227
				Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian					227.5
						Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian					237
					Etalian	Longobardian					238
						Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian					242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
			Aegean		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
			Smithian			248.9 *
			Smithian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Dienerian			251.2
			Griesbachian			251.4 *
			Griesbachian	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai					251.902
											252.4 *
						Chhidru					252.9 *
					Waiitian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian						Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan							254.2
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima						Flettian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian										Wordian	264.28
													265.3 *
											Barettian		266
						Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb						Roadian	266.9
		Roadian										Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
											Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
												Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
											Telfordian		285
										Wolfcampian	Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
													288.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian										Nealian	293.52
		Asselian										Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian			Kuzel		298.9
													Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
															Stephanian B	300.9 *
															Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian													Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian													Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian					Cantabrian	307
													Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
															Westphalian C	309.8
															Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian					Westphalian B	315.2
															Westphalian A	317 *
													Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
															Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
									Alportian						322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian								Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	430.5							Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani							431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani							433.4
		Telychian	Adavere							434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere							438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula							439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula							440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru							441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju						Porkuni			443.8
		Katian								Pirgu			445.2
										Vormsi			449.6 *
										Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
				Viru						Rakvere					450.6 *
										Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian				Keila				Idavere †			453
						Haljala							453.9
						Kukruse							456.4 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku							458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
						Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg						477.7
					Varangu						481.3 *
					Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort						485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509