PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China					North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean											Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian											Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian											Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
													Hemingfordian				16.3
													Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
		Rupelian												Kekeamuan			27.82
													Whitneyan				29.5
													Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian											Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian		Bumbanian		47.8
													Wasatchian				50.5
													Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Clarkforkian	Gashatan			56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian	Gashatan			56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian											Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan										150
							Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian	Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula						427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu						429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu						430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani						431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani						433.4
		Telychian	Adavere						434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere						438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula						439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula						440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru						441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian						Bolindian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bolindian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Kralodvorian						Eastonian		449 *
			Berounian						Eastonian		449.7 *
									Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian				458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Oretanian										459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †	Yapeenian			467.3
			Arenigian							Yapeenian			468
				Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian						470
				Bendigonian						471.8 *
				Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian	Lancefieldian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian	Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian		489.5										Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Paibian			494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †							497
		Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian									Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian									Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Waucoban †							Delamaran	509
		Stage 4			Duyunian									Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian									Dyeran	514
														Montezuman	514.8 *
														Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian										530.7
																	538.8