PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Cambrian of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian																			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian																			Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																		Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian																			Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian																			Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian																			Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian																			Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian																			Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian																Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian																			Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian																	Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																			Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian																		Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan															145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan															149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan															150
							Heterian															154.5
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan															164.3
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan															176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan															184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran															188.9
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian															201.4
		Norian					Warepan															208.5
							Otamitan															217
							Oretian															221
		Carnian					Oretian															227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan															227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan															237
		Ladinian					Etalian															238
		Anisian					Etalian															242
		Anisian					Malakovian															246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian															247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian															249
		Induan					Nelsonian															251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan															251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan															251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
			Eastonian					Richmondian	449 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Gisbornian							452 *
		Sandbian								453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian								467.3
			Castlemainian								468.5 *
			Castlemainian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
			Warendian									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10												Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
									Aksaian							490.7 *
									Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian												Paibian		494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
				Waergangian †/Youshuanian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian					Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian					Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan	Duyunian		509
										Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
										Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian	514				Botomian
		Stage 3			Nangaoian	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	Meishucunian								521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				Manykaian †				530.7
																						538.8