PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Eastern North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan																	Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian																	Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian																	Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian																	Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian																	Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian																		MN 17		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	MN 16		2.58
		Piacenzian																		MN 15		3.2
		Zanclean																		MN 15		3.6
																				MN 14		4.2
																			Hemphillian	MN 14		4.7
																				MN 13		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		MN 13		5.333
		Tortonian																		MN 12		7.246
																				MN 11		7.75
																				MN 10		8.7
																			Clarendonian	MN 10		9.4
																				MN 9		9.7
																				MN 7 + 8		11.1
		Serravallian																				11.63
																			Barstovian			12.5
																				MN 6		12.8 *
		Langhian																		MN 5		13.82
		Burdigalian																		MN 4		15.98
																			Hemingfordian	MN 4		16.3
																			Hemingfordian	MN 3		16.9
																			Arikareean	MN 3		18.5
																				MN 2		20
		Aquitanian																		MN 2		20.44
		Aquitanian																		MN 1		22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
		Rupelian																				27.82
																			Whitneyan			29.5
																			Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian																	Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian																	Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian																	Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian																	Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian																	Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian																	Bridgerian			47.8
																			Wasatchian			50.5
																			Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian																	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian																	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian																	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian																	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian																	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan		254.2
					Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		Urzhumian	266
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Telfordian		Sarginian	285
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
								Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
			Uskalykian					294.8
			Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian	445.2
												Richmondian	446 *
										Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian		450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
										Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian												453
												Turinian		453.7 *
											Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian								Yapeenian					467.3
										Castlemainian					468.5 *
										Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
										Bendigonian						471.8 *
										Lancefieldian						473.5 *
												Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian										Tulean				477.7
												Stairsian				480.3 *
												Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
										Warendian						482.8 *
				Mansian †						Warendian						483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
										Aksaian									490.7 *
										Sakian									492.2 *
																		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																	494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian											Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran	506.5							Stage 5 †
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †						509
														Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
					Dyeran									Toyonian					511 *
														Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3																	514
			Montezuman		514.8 *
			Montezuman		Atdabanian									515.6 *
			Begadean		Atdabanian									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian									521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †							529
																						538.8