PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Permian of Western Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian														Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian														Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Late Albian		100.5
																Middle Albian		106.2 *
																Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian														Late Aptian		113
		Aptian														Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian														Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian														Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian														Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian		139.8
																Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian														Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian														Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									Late Kimmeridgian		150
							Ohauan									Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
							Heterian									Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian														Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian														Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian														Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian														Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Late Toarcian		174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan									Late Toarcian		176
																Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
																Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian														Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian														Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian														Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian					Warepan									Sevatian		208.5
																Alaunian		213.2 *
																Lacian		216.7 *
							Otamitan											217
							Oretian											221
		Carnian					Oretian									Tuvalian		227
						Gore	Kaihikuan									Tuvalian		227.5
				Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
				Longobardian	Etalian		238
				Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
				Aegean	Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			247.2
				Smithian			248.9 *
				Smithian	Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
				Griesbachian			251.4 *
				Griesbachian	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Waiitian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Puruhauan	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	Wordian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	Wordian		266
		Roadian					Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ungurian	477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												Batyrbaian	489.5
				Aksaian										490.7 *
				Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †										Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian											500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian											503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
			Toyonian												510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian												514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
																		525.5