PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian		Cretaceous 4									100.5
											Middle Albian											106.2 *
											Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3									113
		Aptian									Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3									119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian											139.8
											Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
											Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan				Late Kimmeridgian											150
							Ohauan				Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
							Heterian				Early Kimmeridgian											154.5
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											164.3
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian											174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan				Late Toarcian											176
											Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
											Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2									184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2									188.9
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian						Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian		Warepan	Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
				Otamitan			217
				Oretian			221
		Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
				Gore	Tuvalian	Kaihikuan		227.5
					Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
					Longobardian	Etalian		238
					Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
					Aegean	Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
					Smithian			248.9 *
					Smithian	Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
					Griesbachian			251.4 *
				DUrville	Griesbachian	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		Wordian	266
		Roadian					Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
		Asselian					Permian 1		Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5			Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
											Stephanian B		300.9 *
											Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4				Cantabrian		307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
											Westphalian C		309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3				Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian			Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
							Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
							Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian					Hastarian				Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian									Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian									Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2	Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli											Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1		Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
														Alexandrian	438.7 *
												Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
															440.7 *
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Bolindian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian									Bolindian					445.2
					Eastonian						449 *
					Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		Ordovician 2						467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian								470
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		Ordovician 1						477.7
			Warendian								482.8 *
			Warendian								Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan								Sunwaptan	487.5
				Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
								Steptoean	493 *
				Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	St Davids			Marjumian		Albertian †	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian										Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3			Topazan						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai					Waucoban †								509
																Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
												Dyeran				Toyonian			511 *
																Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Cambrian 2										514
												Montezuman							514.8 *
												Montezuman				Atdabanian			515.6 *
												Begadean				Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Tommotian			521
		Stage 2														Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Cambrian 1							Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
																						538.8