PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
																	Irvingtonian			0.21
																			Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene				0.774
																	Blancan			1.4
																			Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																	Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																	Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian														Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean														Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																			Opoitian	3.7
																	Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																	Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																		7.246
																	Clarendonian			9.4
																		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian												Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene				11.63
																	Barstovian			12.5
																			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																	Lillburnian	13.82
																			Clifdenian	15.1
																		Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene				15.98
																	Hemingfordian			16.3
																	Arikareean			18.5
																			Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																	Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian																Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																			Duntroonian	25.2
																			Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian														Early Oligocene				27.82
																	Whitneyan			29.5
																	Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian												Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																		Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																			Kaiatan	36.7
																	Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian														Middle Eocene				37.71
																			Bortonian	39.1
																	Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian												Cenozoic 2						41.2
																		Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																			Heretaungan	45.7
																	Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian														Early Eocene				47.8
																			Mangaorapan	48.9
																	Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
																	Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
																	Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian														Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian														Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian														Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke			Puaroan		Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke			Puaroan		Jurassic 5		149.2
					Kawhia			Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi			Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan		Jurassic 2		184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran		Jurassic 2		188.9
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour			Otapirian		Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian						Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian		Triassic 3		227
		Carnian			Gore			Kaihikuan		Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan		Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian						Etalian				238
		Anisian						Etalian				242
		Anisian						Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian		Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
		Induan						Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan			DUrville			Makarewan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
												Chhidru	252.9 *
								Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian					Longtanian †	254.14
								Puruhauan						254.2
												Kalabagh		255 *
												Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima					Flettian	259.51
		Wordian												264.28
														265.3 *
													Barettian	266
												Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian								Permian 3		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *				Permian 3
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
				Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3				458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian			500.5								Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1		529
																				538.8