PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Siberia			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian																Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian																Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian																Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Villanyian						Vorohuean		2.58
												Villanyian						Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
												Ruscinian								3.1 *
		Zanclean																		3.6
																		Montehermosan		3.7 *
																		Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										Turolian								5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
																		Chasicoan		7.9 *
												Vallesian						Chasicoan		8.7
																		Mayoan		9.9 *
																		Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian										Astaracian						Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian																Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian										Orleanian						Friasian		15.98
																		Santacrucian		16.2 *
																		Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
												Agenian								20
		Aquitanian																		20.44
		Aquitanian																Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
		Rupelian																Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian																Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian																Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Lutetian																Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian																Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian																Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Riochican		56
																		Itaboraian		56.9 *
																		Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
		Danian																Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan													150
							Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	Herangi	Ururoan	176
				Planulata			179.3 *
				Planulata			Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense				181.3 *
				Carlottense				182.3 *
				Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae				184.2
				Freboldi				185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Aratauran			188.9
									189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian			Warepan				208.5
					Otamitan				217
					Oretian				221
		Carnian			Oretian				227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian			Etalian				238
		Anisian			Etalian				242
		Anisian			Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian				Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian					249
		Induan			Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan				Dorashamian		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian				Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima				Flettian	Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian							Flettian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
									Barettian			266
										Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian		273.01
			Mangapirian						276	Kubergandian
									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
			Telfordian							285
			Telfordian						Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian							Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian											Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
															Cautleyan	448.9 *
															Pusgillian	449.3 *
													Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
													Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Oandu					452 *		Cheneyan
								Oandu					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
						Keila		Actonian †							453.2 *
						Haljala		Actonian †							453.9
								Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †								455.2 *
						Kukruse										456.4 *
													Aurelucian			456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
						Lasnamagi										458.9 *
						Aseri										460.4 *
						Aseri							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
						Oeland						Kunda				462.9 *
							Valaste †/Hunderum					Kunda				464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
								Arenig					Fennian				468.4 *
				Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
							Latorp †									470.1 *
													Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Hunneberg									Whitlandian			473.7 *
											Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc			Migneintian		477.7
											Cressagian		480.8 *
				Varangu									481.3 *
				Pakerort									482.2 *
													Mansian †			483.55 *
								485 *					Mansian †
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian					485.4
																486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
							Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian		499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan						509
									Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
									Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian							514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian							521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																				538.8