PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian								Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian								Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Vorohuean				Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian								Chapadmalalan				Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean								Chapadmalalan				Early Pliocene	3.6
										Montehermosan					3.7 *
										Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
										Chasicoan					7.9 *
										Mayoan					9.9 *
										Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5		Laventan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian								Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian								Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Friasian				Early Miocene	15.98
										Santacrucian					16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian								Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian								Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian								Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1		Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
										Itaboraian					56.9 *
										Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4				Late Albian			100.5
												Middle Albian			106.2 *
												Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian			113
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian			139.8
												Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
												Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian						Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150						Late Kimmeridgian
					Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
					Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian	154.5
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian	174.7
				Herangi	Ururoan			Late Toarcian	176
								Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
								Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	188.9
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Warepan			Sevatian	208.5
								Alaunian	213.2 *
								Lacian	216.7 *
					Otamitan				217
					Oretian				221
		Carnian			Oretian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
				Gore	Kaihikuan			Tuvalian	227.5
								Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
					Etalian			Longobardian	238
								Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian	242
								Pelsonian	243.8 *
								Bithynian	244.7 *
								Aegean	245.5 *
					Malakovian			Aegean	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
								Smithian	248.9 *
					Nelsonian			Smithian	249
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
								Griesbachian	251.4 *
				DUrville	Makarewan			Griesbachian	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian				259.51
		Wordian			Flettian				264.28
		Wordian			Barettian				266
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian				283.5
					Telfordian				285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian							Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †						Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
															538.8