PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
								Irvingtonian										0.21
							Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene								0.774
								Blancan										1.4
							Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian		Yushean	Late Pliocene								2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			Late Pliocene								3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			Early Pliocene								3.6
							Opoitian											3.7
								Hemphillian										4.7
									Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene								5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
								Clarendonian										9.4
						Southland	Waiauan											11.04
									Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene								11.63
								Barstovian										12.5
							Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian		Shanwangian									13.82
							Clifdenian											15.1
						Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene								15.98
								Hemingfordian										16.3
								Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan									16.9
								Arikareean										18.5
							Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			Late Oligocene								23.03
							Duntroonian											25.2
							Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene								27.82
								Whitneyan										29.5
								Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian		Late Eocene								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan											34.6
							Kaiatan											36.7
								Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene								37.71
							Bortonian											39.1
								Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian																41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
							Heretaungan											45.7
								Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene								47.8
							Mangaorapan											48.9
							Mangaorapan	Wasatchian										50.5
							Waipawan	Wasatchian										52
							Waipawan	Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian	Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene								56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian		Late Paleocene								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9					Middle Paleocene
		Danian		Torrejonian	Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian		Puercan	Early Paleocene			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
						Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
						Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian			Keila				Idavere †		453
					Keila	Turinian					453.7 *
					Haljala						453.9
					Kukruse						456.4 *
			Whiterockian		Kukruse					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku					458.4
				Lasnamagi					458.9 *
				Aseri					460.4 *
				Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
					Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda		464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
						Rangerian						469.1 *
						Rangerian	Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †								470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Stairsian	Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian	Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort						482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian			Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
								Aksaian							490.7 *
								Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian						Amgan/Solvan	509
											Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
											Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian						514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian						521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
																		538.8