PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean							0.129
								Irvingtonian							0.21
							Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
								Blancan							1.4
							Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian								3
		Zanclean					Waipipian								3.6
							Opoitian								3.7
							Opoitian	Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian												Pannonian	7.246
								Clarendonian							9.4
						Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian												Sarmatian	11.63
								Barstovian						Sarmatian	12.5
														Badenian	12.8 *
							Lillburnian							Badenian	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian								13.82
							Clifdenian								15.1
						Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
								Hemingfordian							16.3
								Arikareean							18.5
							Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian								23.03
							Duntroonian								25.2
							Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
								Whitneyan							29.5
								Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian							33.9
						Arnold	Runangan								34.6
							Kaiatan								36.7
								Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian													37.71
							Bortonian								39.1
								Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian													41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
							Heretaungan								45.7
								Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian													47.8
							Mangaorapan								48.9
							Mangaorapan	Wasatchian							50.5
							Waipawan	Wasatchian							52
							Waipawan	Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian	Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian			Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		Late Albian	100.5
					Urutawan		Late Albian	103.3
					Urutawan		Middle Albian	106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian	108.4
							Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian	113
							Late Aptian	117.5
							Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian	139.8
							Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
							Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian		174.7
							Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
							Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian					Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian		227
		Carnian					Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian		237
		Ladinian					Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian		242
							Pelsonian		243.8 *
							Bithynian		244.7 *
							Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian		251.2
							Griesbachian		251.4 *
							Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Kathwai	251.902
										252.4 *
									Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Chhidru	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
									Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian								264.28
										265.3 *
			Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb							266.9
		Roadian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian			Pirgu			445.2
					Vormsi			449.6 *
					Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
				Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
					Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian			Keila			Idavere †		453
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku					458.4
					Lasnamagi					458.9 *
					Aseri					460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg						477.7
					Varangu						481.3 *
					Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
												486.3 *
							486.5
							Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian				500.5					Marjumian
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	514								Dyeran
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
															538.8