PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean			0.129
									Irvingtonian			0.21
							Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
									Blancan			1.4
							Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian					3
		Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
							Opoitian					3.7
							Opoitian		Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								Pannonian		7.246
									Clarendonian			9.4
						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian								Sarmatian		11.63
									Barstovian	Sarmatian		12.5
										Badenian		12.8 *
							Lillburnian			Badenian		13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
									Hemingfordian			16.3
									Arikareean			18.5
							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
									Whitneyan			29.5
									Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian			33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
									Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian										37.71
							Bortonian					39.1
									Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
									Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian										47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Mangaorapan		Wasatchian			50.5
							Waipawan		Wasatchian			52
							Waipawan		Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian		Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian			Haumurian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
					Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
					Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Gallic		Late Albian	100.5
					Urutawan			Late Albian	103.3
					Urutawan			Middle Albian	106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan			Middle Albian	108.4
								Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian	113
								Late Aptian	117.5
								Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian	139.8
								Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
								Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian		174.7
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian						Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian		227
		Carnian						Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian		237
		Ladinian						Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian				Cazenovian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian				393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian		Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian			489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean		Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian		497
						Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
						Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian				Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian				Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Tuesaian		Templetonian	504.5
									Templetonian	505.3
									Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
							Toyonian			510 *
							Toyonian			510.8 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian			514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
												525.5