PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				Sheridanian				0.129
												Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
							Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene								0.774
												Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
							Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan								MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian								MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian	Late Pliocene							MN 16	2.58
							Waipipian								MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene								3.6
							Opoitian									3.7
															MN 14	4.2
												Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene								5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
												Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
						Southland	Waiauan								MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene								11.63
												late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
															MN 6	12.8 *
							Lillburnian								MN 6	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian								MN 5	13.82
							Clifdenian									15.1
						Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene							MN 4	15.98
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			MN 4	16.3
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			MN 3	16.9
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
							Otaian									18.7
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														20.44
						Landon	Waitakian									21.7
															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene								23.03
													Monroecreekian			23.1 *
													Geringian			24.7 *
							Duntroonian									25.2
							Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene								27.82
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
						Arnold	Runangan									34.6
							Kaiatan									36.7
																37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene								37.71
							Bortonian									39.1
												Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
							Heretaungan									45.7
												Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene								47.8
				Mangaorapan	48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		52
				Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian					To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian					To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata		Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara		Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
						Mangaotanean				90.5
						Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
				Clarence		Ngaterian				95.2
						Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan		Late Albian		100.5
						Urutawan		Late Albian		103.3
						Urutawan		Middle Albian		106.2 *
				Taitai		Korangan		Middle Albian		108.4
								Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian		113
								Late Aptian		117.5
								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian		139.8
								Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
								Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
								Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
								Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
											Planulata	179.3 *
												Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
								Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Kanense		181.3 *
											Carlottense		182.3 *
								Early Toarcian			Carlottense		182.9 *
								Early Toarcian			Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
											Freboldi		185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian						Sevatian						208.5
								Alaunian						213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian			393.3
		Pragian		Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							504.5
																509