PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian								0.129
										Ensenadan								0.3 *
							Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian											0.774
							Nukumaruan											1.63
										Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian																1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Vorohuean								2.58
										Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
							Waipipian											3
		Zanclean					Waipipian											3.6
							Opoitian			Montehermosan								3.7 *
							Opoitian			Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian										Pannonian						7.246
										Chasicoan								7.9 *
										Mayoan								9.9 *
										Laventan								10.9 *
						Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian										Sarmatian						11.63
												Badenian						12.8 *
							Lillburnian											13.05
										Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian																13.82
							Clifdenian											15.1
							Clifdenian			Friasian								15.4 *
						Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian																15.98
										Santacrucian								16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
							Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian																20.44
										Deseadan								20.9 *
						Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian											23.03
							Duntroonian											25.2
							Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
						Arnold	Runangan											34.6
							Runangan			Divisaderan								35.9 *
							Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian																41.2
										Mustersan								41.9 *
						Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
							Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian																47.8
										Casamayoran								47.9 *
							Mangaorapan											48.9
							Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			Riochican								56
										Itaboraian								56.9 *
										Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		440.8	Raikkula
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu					Gamachian	445.2
					Pirgu					Richmondian	446 *
					Vormsi					Richmondian	449.6 *
					Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Nabala					Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala					Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere					Edenian			450.6 *
					Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian			Keila							Idavere †	453
					Keila					Turinian			453.7 *
					Haljala								453.9
					Kukruse								456.4 *
					Kukruse				Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku									458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
					Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
										Rangerian				469.1 *
					Billingen					Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Latorp †								470.1 *
					Hunneberg										473.7 *
										Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean					477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
					Varangu					Stairsian					481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian		Demingian †				482 *
					Pakerort					Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort									485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Branchian	509
		Stage 3														Branchian	514
		Stage 3														Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																		538.8