PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
														Irvingtonian	0.21
							Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene		0.774
														Blancan	1.4
							Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian						Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian						Late Pliocene		3
		Zanclean					Waipipian						Early Pliocene		3.6
							Opoitian								3.7
							Opoitian							Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
														Clarendonian	9.4
						Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene		11.63
														Barstovian	12.5
							Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian								13.82
							Clifdenian								15.1
						Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene		15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
							Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene		23.03
							Duntroonian								25.2
							Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene		27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan								34.6
							Kaiatan								36.7
														Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene		37.71
							Bortonian								39.1
														Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
							Heretaungan								45.7
														Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene		47.8
							Mangaorapan								48.9
							Mangaorapan							Wasatchian	50.5
							Waipawan							Wasatchian	52
							Waipawan							Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian											Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian											Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian											Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian			Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
					Mangaotanean					90.5
					Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		Cretaceous 5			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
					Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		Cretaceous 4			100.5
					Urutawan					103.3
				Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		Cretaceous 3			113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian					Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5				Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3				Late Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian	383.7 *
											Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian									Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian		Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian		509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
					Placentian		Montezuman				517.1
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
															538.8