PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran													0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian						0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian													0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian													0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan													1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan													1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian													2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian							Yushean						2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian													3
		Zanclean					Waipipian													3.6
							Opoitian													3.7
							Opoitian							Baodean						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan													7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan													7.246
						Southland	Waiauan													11.04
														Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian													13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian							Shanwangian						13.82
							Clifdenian													15.1
						Pareora	Altonian													15.9
		Burdigalian																		15.98
														Xiejiaan						16.9
							Otaian													18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian													20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian													21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25								23.03
							Duntroonian													25.2
							Whaingaroan													27.3
		Rupelian									MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan													34.6
							Kaiatan													36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan				MP 16									37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian				MP 16									39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11									41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
							Heretaungan													45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7									47.8
							Mangaorapan													48.9
							Waipawan													52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5								56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian										Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian					Haumurian										Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan													83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
							Mangaotanean													90.5
							Arowhanan													93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan													93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
							Motuan													99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan													100.5
							Urutawan													103.3
						Taitai	Korangan													108.4
		Aptian					Korangan													113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		264.28
		Roadian				Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian				Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian				323.2
		Visean				Chesterian				330.9
						Meramecian				335.8 *
						Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare							419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma							421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare							423
		Ludfordian	Paadla							423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula							427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu							429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu							430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani							431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani							433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian									Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
			Chientangkiangian									Richmondian			446 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang												449.5
														Vormsi	449.6 *
												Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
												Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
												Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian												Keila		Idavere †	453
												Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
														Haljala			453.9
														Kukruse			456.4 *
											Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo										Uhaku				458.4
														Lasnamagi				458.9 *
														Aseri				460.4 *
					Oeland								Kunda	462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
				Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo									466.3 *
													Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian															467.3
												Rangerian						469.1 *
												Rangerian	Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
														Latorp †					470.1 *
								Hunneberg	473.7 *
									Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									477.7
							Lianghekou †					477.9 *
									Stairsian			480.3 *
								Varangu	Stairsian			481.3 *
								Varangu	Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort				Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort									485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †											497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509