PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia		Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian			Middle Pleistocene							0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian		Yushean	Late Pliocene							2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			Late Pliocene							3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			Early Pliocene							3.6
							Opoitian										3.7
							Opoitian		Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene							5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan										7.246
						Southland	Waiauan										11.04
									Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene							11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian		Shanwangian								13.82
							Clifdenian										15.1
						Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene							15.98
									Xiejiaan								16.9
							Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			Late Oligocene							23.03
							Duntroonian										25.2
							Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene							33.9
						Arnold	Runangan										34.6
							Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan			Middle Eocene							37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian										41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
							Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan			Early Eocene							47.8
							Mangaorapan										48.9
							Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian									Senonian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
							Mangaotanean										90.5
							Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan										93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
							Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan									Gallic	100.5
							Urutawan										103.3
						Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian					Korangan										113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Eastonian							Cautleyan	449 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
			Gisbornian							Cheneyan		452 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
							Actonian †				453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
							Longvillian †			Aurelucian		456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
			Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Chewtonian		Whitlandian				471.1 *
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
					Cressagian				480.8 *
			Warendian						482.8 *
									Mansian †	483.55 *
									Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian							Paibian						494
						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian	Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian	Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian			Amgan/Solvan			509
												Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Nangaoian			Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Nangaoian			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian				Manykaian †		530.7
																	538.8