PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			North American Land Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Britain	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean									Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
											Irvingtonian						Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
							Castlecliffian														0.34
		Calabrian																		Early Pleistocene	0.774
											Blancan						Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
							Nukumaruan														1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan														1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian														2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian													Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian													Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean					Waipipian													Early Pliocene	3.6
							Opoitian														3.7
							Opoitian				Hemphillian						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean													Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan														7.2
		Tortonian														Pannonian					7.246
											Clarendonian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
						Southland	Waiauan														11.04
		Serravallian														Sarmatian				Middle Miocene	11.63
											Barstovian					Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
																Badenian					12.8 *
							Lillburnian									Badenian					13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian														13.82
							Clifdenian														15.1
						Pareora	Altonian														15.9
		Burdigalian																		Early Miocene	15.98
											Hemingfordian						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
											Arikareean						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
							Otaian														18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian														20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian														21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		Late Oligocene	23.03
																		Monroecreekian			23.1 *
																		Geringian			24.7 *
							Duntroonian														25.2
							Whaingaroan														27.3
		Rupelian																		Early Oligocene	27.82
											Whitneyan										29.5
											Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan														34.6
							Kaiatan														36.7
											Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian																		Middle Eocene	37.71
							Bortonian														39.1
											Uintan						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan														42.6
							Heretaungan														45.7
											Bridgerian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian																		Early Eocene	47.8
							Mangaorapan														48.9
							Mangaorapan				Wasatchian						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
							Waipawan				Wasatchian						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				52
							Waipawan				Clarkforkian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				Clarkforkian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	To3/To2/To1			60.9												Middle Paleocene
		Danian		Torrejonian	To3/To2/To1			Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
					Mangaotanean					90.5
					Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
					Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		Late Albian			100.5
					Urutawan		Late Albian			103.3
					Urutawan		Middle Albian			106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian			108.4
							Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian			113
							Late Aptian			117.5
							Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian			139.8
							Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
							Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian			Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian			Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
							Late Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
							Early Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
							Late Toarcian						180.1
							Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
							Middle Toarcian				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
							Early Toarcian				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian					Sevatian						208.5
							Alaunian						213.2 *
							Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian						227
		Carnian					Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian						237
		Ladinian					Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian						242
							Pelsonian						243.8 *
							Bithynian						244.7 *
							Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian						251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Midian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28											Midian
		Wordian	Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian		438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	St Davids		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																					538.8