PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian					Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
							Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian												0.774
							Nukumaruan												1.63
																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Yushean					Vorohuean		2.58
																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
							Waipipian												3
		Zanclean					Waipipian												3.6
							Opoitian										Montehermosan		3.7 *
							Opoitian					Baodean					Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
																	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
						Southland	Waiauan												11.04
												Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian																	11.63
							Lillburnian												13.05
																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian										Shanwangian							13.82
							Clifdenian												15.1
							Clifdenian										Friasian		15.4 *
						Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																	Santacrucian		16.2 *
												Xiejiaan					Santacrucian		16.9
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
							Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian																	20.44
																	Deseadan		20.9 *
						Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian												23.03
							Duntroonian												25.2
							Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan												34.6
							Runangan										Divisaderan		35.9 *
							Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan												37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Mustersan		41.9 *
						Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
							Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian																	47.8
																	Casamayoran		47.9 *
							Mangaorapan												48.9
							Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian										Riochican		56
																	Itaboraian		56.9 *
																	Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian		61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Late Albian		100.5
					Urutawan	Late Albian		103.3
					Urutawan	Middle Albian		106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian		108.4
						Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian		113
						Late Aptian		117.5
						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian		139.8
						Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
						Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian			174.7
						Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
						Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian				Sevatian			208.5
						Alaunian			213.2 *
						Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian			227
		Carnian				Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian			237
		Ladinian				Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian			242
						Pelsonian			243.8 *
						Bithynian			244.7 *
						Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian			251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan							Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian							Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian							Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli									Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
				Alexandrian								438.7 *
										Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian											Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi					449.6 *
								Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
								Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
												Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian										Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
												Varangu				481.3 *
												Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Pakerort	Batyrbaian			485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
									Toyonian							510 *
									Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian							514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian							521
																			525.5