PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian									3
		Zanclean					Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian									13.82
							Clifdenian									15.1
						Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian									23.03
							Duntroonian									25.2
							Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
						Arnold	Runangan									34.6
							Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian									41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
							Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan									47.8
							Mangaorapan									48.9
							Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian									56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
							Mangaotanean									90.5
							Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
							Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan								Late Albian	100.5
							Urutawan								Late Albian	103.3
							Urutawan								Middle Albian	106.2 *
						Taitai	Korangan								Middle Albian	108.4
															Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian													Late Aptian	113
															Late Aptian	117.5
															Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Buntsandstein				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian								Leine	264.28
		Wordian							Noginskian	Leine	264.9 *
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian						283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian						287.6 *
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
									Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Desmoinesian						Krevyakinian		305.9 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian		307
									Podolskian		308.9 *
									Kashirian		311.4 *
			Atokan						Kashirian		312.7 *
									Vereian		313.8
									Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian					315.2		Melekessian
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
			Morrowan				Cheremshanian		318.4 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Severokeltmian		319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
							Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian				Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Meramecian	Tulian		335.8 *
			Meramecian	Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Osagean	Bobrikian		343.1 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
			Kinderhookian	Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		445.2	Wufeng †
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian			453	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian			477.7
							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
							Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			Jiangshanian				489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian						Paibian				494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian				499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan			Duyunian		509
							Toyonian		Lenian †					510 *
							Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian					Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian					Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian					Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian							Manykaian †			Jinnigian		530.7
																538.8