PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Silurian of England		Carboniferous of Western Europe		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Mesozoic Subages	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran											Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian												Sheridanian					0.129
														Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
							Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian																	0.774
														Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
							Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan												1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian												2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian												3
		Zanclean					Waipipian												3.6
							Opoitian												3.7
							Opoitian							Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
														Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
						Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian																Cenozoic 5	11.63
														late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
							Lillburnian												13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian												13.82
							Clifdenian												15.1
						Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian																	15.98
														Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
														late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
							Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian												20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Cenozoic 4	23.03
															Monroecreekian				23.1 *
															Geringian				24.7 *
							Duntroonian												25.2
							Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Cenozoic 3	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan												34.6
							Kaiatan												36.7
																			37
		Bartonian																	37.71
							Bortonian												39.1
														Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian																Cenozoic 2	41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
							Heretaungan												45.7
														Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
							Mangaorapan												48.9
							Mangaorapan							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
							Waipawan							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					52
							Waipawan									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Cenozoic 1	56
		Thanetian														Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian														Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian														To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian														To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian														Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5	93.9
				Clarence		Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian	Motuan	Cretaceous 4	100.5
					Late Albian	Urutawan		103.3
					Middle Albian	Urutawan		106.2 *
				Taitai	Middle Albian	Korangan		108.4
					Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3	113
					Late Aptian			117.5
					Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian			139.8
					Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
					Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				208.5
					Alaunian				213.2 *
					Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			Triassic 3	227
		Carnian			Julian			Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian			Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian				251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian								Wordian	264.28
		Roadian						Roadian		Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian		Cathedralian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian	Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian	Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian					Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian						Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian						Nealian		Permian 1	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5	Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
											Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
													Stephanian B	300.9 *
													Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian											Stephanian A	303.7
													Cantabrian	305 *
														305.9
		Moscovian								Carboniferous 4				307
											Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
													Westphalian C	309.8
													Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				315.2							Westphalian B
						Westphalian A							317 *
						Namurian					Yeadonian		318.8 *
											Marsdenian		320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
											Alportian		322 *
											Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Carboniferous 3	Chokierian		323.2
				Arnsbergian							324 *
				Pendleian							327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †				Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †					336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *			Carboniferous 1
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2		419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian					Wych			Woolhope			428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1		433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian		Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian											Ordovician 4		453
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
														Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3								458.4
											Dobrotivian		458.5 *
									Oretanian		459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †						Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian						Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †			Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	500.5											Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1						529
																			538.8