PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Mesozoic Subages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian				Yushean		2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian						3
		Zanclean					Waipipian						3.6
							Opoitian						3.7
							Opoitian				Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan						7.246
						Southland	Waiauan						11.04
											Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian											11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian				Shanwangian		13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
											Xiejiaan		16.9
							Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian						23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian					Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
							Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		Late Albian				100.5
							Urutawan		Late Albian				103.3
							Urutawan		Middle Albian				106.2 *
						Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian				108.4
									Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian	113
				Late Aptian			117.5
				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian			139.8
				Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
				Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian		174.7
						Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian		208.5
						Alaunian		213.2 *
						Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
		Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian		242
						Pelsonian		243.8 *
						Bithynian		244.7 *
						Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian							Leine	264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel							298.9
			Stephanian							Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian							Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian							Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian					320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian					321.5 *
					Alportian					322 *
					Chokierian					323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian					323.2
					Arnsbergian					324 *
					Pendleian					327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian		Brigantian †					330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Famennian						358.9
			Middle Famennian								365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
			Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian		Srbsko				382.7
			Middle Givetian								383.7 *
			Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Couvinien		Chotec				387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				Chotec				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				Pragian				407.6
		Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien		Pragian				408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Lochkovian				410.8
			Middle Lochkovian								412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian								415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran	514
											Montezuman	514.8 *
											Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8