PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ammonite Chrons of North America			South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene						Lujanian				0.129
															Ensenadan				0.3 *
							Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene										0.774
							Nukumaruan												1.63
															Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian																	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Late Pliocene						Vorohuean				2.58
															Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
							Waipipian												3
		Zanclean					Waipipian		Early Pliocene										3.6
							Opoitian								Montehermosan				3.7 *
							Opoitian								Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene										5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
															Chasicoan				7.9 *
															Mayoan				9.9 *
															Laventan				10.9 *
						Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan		Middle Miocene										11.63
							Lillburnian												13.05
															Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian																	13.82
							Clifdenian												15.1
							Clifdenian								Friasian				15.4 *
						Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene										15.98
															Santacrucian				16.2 *
															Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
							Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian																	20.44
															Deseadan				20.9 *
						Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian		Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
							Duntroonian												25.2
							Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan									27.82
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan					Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan												34.6
							Runangan								Divisaderan				35.9 *
							Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian																	41.2
															Mustersan				41.9 *
						Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
							Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		Bumbanian								47.8
															Casamayoran				47.9 *
							Mangaorapan												48.9
							Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian		Late Paleocene	Gashatan					Riochican				56
															Itaboraian				56.9 *
															Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene										61.6
		Danian							Early Paleocene						Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
								Planulata	179.3 *
								Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
								Kanense				181.3 *
								Carlottense				182.3 *
								Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae				184.2
								Freboldi				185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Midian	Rotliegendes		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian												Midian			Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian												Murgabian			Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian														Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian														Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
											Kubergandian					Filipovian	276.5 *
											Bolorian					Filipovian	279.8
										Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian								Autunian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
															Irginian	285.9 *
			Yakhtashian			286									Irginian
			Yakhtashian			Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
							Uskalykian				294.8
							Surenian				297.5
							Surenian				Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Kuzel			298.9
											Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
														Stephanian B	300.9 *
														Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian												Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian												Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian												Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian						Westphalian D			307.4 *
											Westphalian C			309.8
											Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B			315.2
											Westphalian A			317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
					Marsdenian						320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
					Alportian						322 *
					Chokierian						323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian						323.2
					Arnsbergian						324 *
					Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †						330.9
				Livian	Asbian †						336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian						340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian							346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian							353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		504.5
																			509