PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran								Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
							Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
															Blancan	1.4
							Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian			Villanyian						2.58
							Waipipian			Villanyian						3
										Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean														3.6
							Opoitian									3.7
							Opoitian								Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			Turolian						5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
										Vallesian						8.7
															Clarendonian	9.4
						Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian								Astaracian						11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
							Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian									13.82
							Clifdenian									15.1
						Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian								Orleanian						15.98
															Hemingfordian	16.3
															Arikareean	18.5
							Otaian									18.7
										Agenian						20
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian									23.03
							Duntroonian									25.2
							Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan									34.6
							Kaiatan									36.7
															Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian														37.71
							Bortonian									39.1
															Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
							Heretaungan									45.7
															Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
							Mangaorapan									48.9
							Mangaorapan								Wasatchian	50.5
							Waipawan								Wasatchian	52
							Waipawan								Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian								Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Late Albian		100.5
					Urutawan	Late Albian		103.3
					Urutawan	Middle Albian		106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian		108.4
						Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian		113
						Late Aptian		117.5
						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian		139.8
						Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
						Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
						Late Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
						Early Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Late Toarcian					180.1
						Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
						Middle Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
						Early Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian				Sevatian					208.5
						Alaunian					213.2 *
						Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian					227
		Carnian				Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian					237
		Ladinian				Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian					242
						Pelsonian					243.8 *
						Bithynian					244.7 *
						Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian					251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Midian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
			Noginskian				264.9 *
							Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian					273.01
			Pavlovoposadian				Kubergandian					276.8 *
							Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian					Bolorian					283.5
							Yakhtashian					286
			Rusavkinian				Yakhtashian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian										303.7
			Khamovnikian										304.8
			Krevyakinian										305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian									Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian							308.9 *
					Kashirian							311.4 *
					Vereian							313.8
					Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian							315.2
					Cheremshanian							316.9 *
					Prikamian							318.6 *
					Severokeltmian							319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																538.8