PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					Middle Pleistocene				0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian					Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian					Late Pliocene				3
		Zanclean					Waipipian					Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian					Early Pliocene				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan					Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian									13.82
							Clifdenian									15.1
						Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian					Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					Late Oligocene				23.03
							Duntroonian									25.2
							Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene				33.9
						Arnold	Runangan									34.6
							Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan					Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian									41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
							Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan					Early Eocene				47.8
							Mangaorapan									48.9
							Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian					Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean									90.5
							Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
							Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	Late Albian								100.5
							Urutawan	Late Albian								103.3
							Urutawan	Middle Albian								106.2 *
						Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian								108.4
								Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian								113
								Late Aptian								117.5
								Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian					283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
			Khamovnikian					304.8
			Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian					307
			Podolskian					308.9 *
			Kashirian					311.4 *
			Vereian					313.8
			Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian					315.2
			Cheremshanian					316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian				323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian			Gamachian				443.8
		Katian			445.2		Gamachian
					Richmondian		446 *
					Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
					Edenian				450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian				453
					Turinian				453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian						485.4
							Payntonian						486.8 *
							Payntonian						487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian						489.5
		Paibian					Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †						Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian											Boomerangian	499
		Drumian											Undillan	500.5
		Drumian											Floran	503
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												Ordian	509
																510.8 *