PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Villanyian														2.58
		Piacenzian					Ruscinian														3.1 *
		Zanclean					Ruscinian														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian														5.333
		Tortonian					Turolian														7.246
		Tortonian					Vallesian														8.7
		Serravallian					Astaracian														11.63
		Langhian					Astaracian														13.82
		Burdigalian					Orleanian														15.98
		Burdigalian					Agenian														20
		Aquitanian					Agenian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Lancian/Edmontonian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian														Judithian/Aquilan			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian																	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian																	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Late Albian		100.5
																			Middle Albian		106.2 *
																			Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian																	Late Aptian		113
		Aptian																	Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian																	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian																	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian																	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																	Late Berriasian		139.8
																			Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																			Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian																	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan								Late Kimmeridgian		150
											Ohauan								Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
											Heterian								Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian																	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian																		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian																	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian																	Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian																	Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian																	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	Late Toarcian		174.7
										Herangi	Ururoan								Late Toarcian		176
																			Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
																			Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian																	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian																	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian																	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian									Warepan								Sevatian		208.5
																			Alaunian		213.2 *
																			Lacian		216.7 *
											Otamitan										217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian	227
				Gore	Tuvalian	Kaihikuan		227.5
					Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			237
					Longobardian	Etalian		238
					Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
					Aegean	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		247.2
					Smithian		248.9 *
					Smithian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
					Griesbachian		251.4 *
				DUrville	Griesbachian	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Waiitian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Puruhauan	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	Wordian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	Wordian		266
		Roadian					Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Fennian			470
												Whitlandian			471.1 *
												Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian									Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ungurian	477.7
											Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian												490.7 *
					Sakian												492.2 *
		Paibian													Paibian		494
		Paibian													Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Guzhangian										Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian			Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian			Drumian											Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian			Drumian											Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										Wuliuan/Taijangian	Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										Wuliuan/Taijangian			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4													Duyunian			509
																Toyonian		510 *
																Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3													Nangaoian	Botomian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *									Nangaoian
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian						529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian				530.7
																					538.8