PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Cambrian of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian																				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian																				Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																			Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian																				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian																				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian																				Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian																				Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian																				Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian																	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian																				Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian																		Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																				Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian																			Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan															145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan															149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan															150
								Heterian															154.5
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan															164.3
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan															176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan															184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran															188.9
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian															201.4
		Norian						Warepan															208.5
								Otamitan															217
								Oretian															221
		Carnian						Oretian															227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan															227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan															237
		Ladinian						Etalian															238
		Anisian						Etalian															242
		Anisian						Malakovian															246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian															247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian															249
		Induan						Nelsonian															251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan															251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan															251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
							Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
							Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian									453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian					Yapeenian					467.3
							Castlemainian					468.5 *
							Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Bendigonian						471.8 *
							Lancefieldian						473.5 *
									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
							Warendian						482.8 *
							Warendian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10													Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian													Paibian		494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
				Waergangian †/Youshuanian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian					Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian					Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Amgan/Solvan	Duyunian		509
											Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
											Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian	514					Botomian
		Stage 3			Nangaoian	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	Meishucunian									521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian									Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian					Manykaian †				530.7
																							538.8