PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of North America	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian		100.5
										Middle Albian		106.2 *
										Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian		113
		Aptian								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
										Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
										Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
										Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
										Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian								Sevatian		208.5
										Alaunian		213.2 *
										Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian		227
		Carnian								Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian		237
		Ladinian								Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2			Atokan
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			504.5
												509