PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
										Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian									0.774
										Nukumaruan									1.63
																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian														MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian						MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
										Waipipian									3
																MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean																	3.6
										Opoitian							Montehermosan		3.7 *
																MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
																MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian														MN 12			7.246
																MN 11			7.75
																MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																MN 10			8.7
																MN 9			9.7
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
									Southland	Waiauan									11.04
																MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian														MN 7 + 8			11.63
																MN 6			12.8 *
										Lillburnian									13.05
																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian														MN 5			13.82
										Clifdenian									15.1
										Clifdenian							Friasian		15.4 *
									Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian														MN 4			15.98
																MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
																MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
										Otaian									18.7
																MN 2			20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
																	Deseadan		20.9 *
									Landon	Waitakian									21.7
																MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
										Duntroonian									25.2
										Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
									Arnold	Runangan									34.6
										Runangan							Divisaderan		35.9 *
										Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Mustersan		41.9 *
									Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
										Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		47.8
				Casamayoran	47.9 *
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican	56
					Itaboraian	56.9 *
					Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian									Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Late Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian	383.7 *
											Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan					445.2
						Cautleyan					448.9 *
						Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †					449.6 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
						Actonian †					453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †						455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †						456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Sunwaptan						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
													Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
							Steptoean								493 *
													Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †					St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								500.5				Marjumian
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran	Stage 5 †				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran			Caerfai		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran						514
									Montezuman						514.8 *
									Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																			538.8