PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian						100.5
												Middle Albian						106.2 *
												Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian										Late Aptian						113
		Aptian										Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian						139.8
												Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
												Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
											Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
											Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
												Late Toarcian						180.1
												Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian										Sevatian						208.5
												Alaunian						213.2 *
												Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian										Tuvalian						227
		Carnian										Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Longobardian						237
		Ladinian										Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian										Illyrian						242
												Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian							Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani		433.4
		Telychian							Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu		Gamachian		445.2
										Pirgu		Richmondian		446 *
										Vormsi		Richmondian		449.6 *
										Vormsi		Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
										Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
										Viru		Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
													Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian											Keila		Idavere †	453
												Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
													Haljala			453.9
													Kukruse			456.4 *
											Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
					Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
												Rangerian			469.1 *
					Billingen							Rangerian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †							470.1 *
					Hunneberg												473.7 *
												Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian				477.7						Tulean
						Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu	Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu	Skullrockian						Demingian †				482 *
					Pakerort							Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort											485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †				504.5
																		509