PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian											Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene		Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene	Gashatan		56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan						150
										Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian										Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
									Herangi	Ururoan		Thouarsense				176
																180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					188.9
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian								Warepan						208.5
										Otamitan						217
										Oretian						221
		Carnian								Oretian						227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian								Etalian						238
		Anisian								Etalian						242
		Anisian								Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian						249
		Induan		251.2						Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
			Stephanian A						301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Stephanian A						303.7
		Kasimovian	Cantabrian						305 *
		Moscovian	Cantabrian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Westphalian				Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
							Westphalian A		317 *
			Namurian				Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli								Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †								497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
																509