PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5												11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4				Late Albian								100.5
											Middle Albian								106.2 *
											Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian								113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian								139.8
											Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
											Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian					Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian								168.2
										Humphresianum	Late Bajocian								168.4
										Humphresianum	Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian								174.7
											Late Toarcian								180.1
											Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian								182
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian									Sevatian								208.5
											Alaunian								213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian			Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian					Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			Jaani				433.4
		Telychian					Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
												Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
										Vormsi		Richmondian		449.6 *
										Vormsi		Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
										Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
										Viru		Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
													Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4					Keila				Idavere †		453
									Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
									Haljala						453.9
									Kukruse						456.4 *
									Kukruse		Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3					Uhaku							458.4
									Lasnamagi							458.9 *
									Aseri							460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
										Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2													467.3
												Rangerian					469.1 *
										Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †											470.1 *
										Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		Tulean						477.7
						Stairsian						480.3 *
						Stairsian				Varangu		481.3 *
						Skullrockian				Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
										Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5						Pakerort						485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
											487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †							Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1					529
																			538.8